AI Regulation by Country

Country-by-country directory of enacted and proposed AI legislation — including enforcement status, regulatory approach, and the TopAIThreats threat domains each instrument most directly addresses.

Last updated: 2026-03-18 · 13 jurisdictions / instruments · ← All Resources

Scope note: This directory covers AI-specific legislation and frameworks. General data protection laws (GDPR, CCPA) and broad cybersecurity regulations are excluded unless they contain AI-specific provisions. Entries reflect the state of instruments as of the last updated date above.

Region	Instrument	Approach	Status	Domains
European Union	EU AI Act Binding legislation	Risk-based classification: Prohibited → High-Risk (Annex III) → Limited Risk → Minimal Risk	Enacted — phased enforcement to 2027	SOCPRISECINFCTL
United States	Executive Order on AI (Jan 2025) Federal executive order	Pro-innovation; removes barriers to AI leadership; sector agencies retain oversight	In effect	SECECOCTLSYS
United Kingdom	Pro-Innovation AI Regulation White Paper Principles-based framework	Existing sector regulators apply own rules; no central AI authority	Published — voluntary; binding legislation pending	SOCPRICTLECO
China	Generative AI Regulations (2023) + Algorithm Recommendation Regulations (2022) Binding regulations	Content safety, labelling requirements, training data rules, cybersecurity review for large models	Enacted	INFPRISECSOC
Canada	Artificial Intelligence and Data Act (AIDA, Bill C-27) Draft legislation	Risk-based; mandatory impact assessments for high-impact systems; human oversight requirements	In progress — under parliamentary review	SOCPRICTLECO
Japan	AI Strategy 2022 + Hiroshima AI Process Guidelines Voluntary guidelines	Human-centric principles; transparency; international interoperability focus	Published — voluntary	CTLSOCECO
Singapore	Model AI Governance Framework (2020) + AI Verify (2023) Voluntary framework + testing toolkit	Accountability-based; sector-agnostic; AI Verify provides governance testing	Published — voluntary	CTLSOCPRIECO
South Korea	AI Basic Act (2024) Binding legislation	Risk-based; mandatory human oversight for high-impact AI; transparency obligations	Enacted — implementation in progress	CTLSOCPRI
Brazil	AI Bill (PL 2338/2023) Draft legislation	Risk-based; rights of affected persons; high-risk AI accountability	In progress — under Senate review	SOCPRICTL
Australia	Voluntary AI Safety Standard (2024) Voluntary framework	10 guardrails for responsible AI; sector-agnostic; mandatory rules under development	Published — voluntary; binding framework pending	CTLSOCPRI
India	Digital India Act (emerging) + MEITY AI Advisory (2024) Advisory + draft legislation	Consent-based; bias mitigation; platform accountability	Advisory issued — legislation in consultation	SOCPRIINF
International	OECD AI Principles (2019, revised 2024) Intergovernmental principles	Transparency, accountability, human-centred values; 46 adherent countries	In effect — voluntary	CTLSOCECOPRI
International	Bletchley Declaration / AI Safety Summits (2023–) Intergovernmental declaration	Frontier AI safety; shared risk assessment; AI Safety Institute network	Ongoing — non-binding	SYSAGTCTL

Domain codes

INF Information Integrity SEC Security & Cyber PRI Privacy & Surveillance SOC Discrimination & Social Harm ECO Economic & Labor CTL Human-AI Control AGT Agentic & Autonomous SYS Systemic & Catastrophic

← All Resources → Governance Frameworks → Regulatory Gap (causal factor) → AI Governance Frameworks Compared